Local adiabatic film cooling effectiveness on a flat plate surface downstream a row of cylindrical holes was investigated. Geometric parameters such as blowing angle and hole pitch, as well as the flow parameters blowing rate and density ratio, were varied in a wide range emphasizing engine relevant conditions. IR thermography was used to perform local measurements of the surface temperature field. A spatial resolution of up to seven data points per hole diameter extending to 80 hole diameters downstream of the ejection location was achieved. Since all technical wall materials have a finite thermoconductivity, a procedure for correcting the measured surface temperature data based on a Finite Element analysis was developed. Heat loss over the back and remnant heat flux within the test plate in lateral and streamwise directions were taken into account. The local effectiveness patterns obtained are systematically analyzed to quantify the influence of the various parameters. As a result, a detailed description of the characteristics of local adiabatic film cooling effectiveness is given. Furthermore, the locally resolved experimental results can serve as a data base for the validation of CFD codes predicting discrete hole film cooling.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
Lee
, S. W.
, Lee
, J. S.
, and Ro
, S. T.
, 1994
, “Experimental Study on the Flow Characteristics of Streamwise Inclined Jets in Crossflow on Flat Plate
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 116
, pp. 97
–116
.2.
Pietrzyk
, J. R.
, Bogard
, D. G.
, and Crawford
, M. E.
, 1989
, “Hydrodynamic Measurements of Jet in Crossflow for Gas Turbine Film Cooling Applications
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 111
, pp. 139
–145
.3.
Pietrzyk
, J. R.
, Bogard
, D. G.
, and Crawford
, M. E.
, 1990
, “Effect of Density Ratio on the Hydrodynamics of Film Cooling
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 112
, pp. 437
–443
.4.
Burd, S. W., Kaszeta, R. W., and Simon, T. W., 1996, “Measurements in Film Cooling Flows: Hole L/D and Turbulence Intensity Effects,” ASME Paper No. 96-WA/HT-7.
5.
Thole
, K.
, Gritsch
, M.
, Schulz
, A.
, and Wittig
, S.
, 1998
, “Flow Field Measurements for Film-Cooling Holes With Expanded Exits
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
, pp. 327
–336
.6.
Ryndholm
, H. A.
, 1996
, “An Experimental Investigation of the Velocity and Temperature Fields of Cold Jets Injected Into a Hot Crossflow
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
, pp. 320
–326
.7.
Kohli
, A.
, and Bogard
, D. G.
, 1997
, “Adiabatic Effectiveness, Thermal Fields, and Velocity Fields for Film Cooling With Large Angle Ejection
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 119
, pp. 352
–358
.8.
Sgarzi, O., and Leboeuf, F., 1997, “Analysis of Vortices in Three-Dimensional Jets Introduced in a Cross-Flow Boundary Layer,” ASME Paper No. 97-GT-517.
9.
Walters
, D. K.
, and Leylek
, J. H.
, 1997
, “A Detailed Analysis of Film Cooling Physics—Part I: Streamwise Ejection With Cylindrical Holes
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 122
, pp. 102
–112
.10.
Baldauf, S., Schulz, A., and Wittig, S., 1999, “High Resolution Measurements of Local Heat Transfer Coefficients by Discrete Hole Film Cooling,” ASME Paper No. 99-GT-43.
11.
Sen
, B.
, Schmidt
, D. L.
, and Bogard
, D. G.
, 1996
, “Film Cooling With Compound Angle Holes: Heat Transfer
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 118
, pp. 800
–806
.12.
Schmidt
, D. L.
, Sen
, B.
, and Bogard
, D. G.
, 1996
, “Film Cooling With Compound Angle Holes: Adiabatic Effectiveness
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 118
, pp. 807
–813
.13.
Ekkad
, S. V.
, Zapata
, D.
, and Han
, J. C.
, 1997
, “Film Effectiveness Over a Flat Surface With Air and CO2 Injection Through Compound Angle Holes Using a Transient Liquid Crystal Image Method
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 119
, pp. 587
–593
.14.
Goldstein
, R. J.
, Jin
, P.
, and Olson
, R. L.
, 1998
, “Film Cooling Effectiveness and Mass/Heat Transfer Downstream of One Row of Discrete Holes
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 121
, pp. 225
–232
.15.
Lutum
, E.
, and Johnson
, B. V.
, 1998
, “Influence of the Hole Length to Diameter Ratio on Film Cooling With Cylindrical Holes
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 121
, pp. 209
–216
.16.
Drost
, U.
, and Bo¨lcs
, A.
, 1998
, “Investigation of Detailed Film Cooling Effectiveness and Heat Transfer Distributions on a Gas Turbine Airfoil
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 121
, pp. 233
–242
.17.
Bell
, C. M.
, Hamakawa
, H.
, and Ligrani
, P. M.
, 2000
, “Film Cooling From Shaped Holes
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
, 122
, pp. 224
–232
.18.
Gritsch
, M.
, Schulz
, A.
, and Wittig
, S.
, 1997
, “Adiabatic Wall Effectiveness Measurements of Film-Cooling Holes With Expanded Exits
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
, pp. 549
–556
.19.
Haslinger, W., and Hennecke, D. K., 1996, “The Ammonia and Diazo Technique With CO2 Calibration for Highly Resolving and Accurate Measurement of Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness With Application to a Row of Holes,” ASME Paper No. 96-GT-438.
20.
Jung
, I. S.
, and Lee
, J. S.
, 1999
, “Effect of Orientation Angles on Film Cooling Over a Flat Plate: Boundary Layer Temperature Distributions and Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 122
, pp. 154
–161
.21.
Pedersen
, D. R.
, Eckert
, E. R. G.
, and Goldstein
, R. J.
, 1977
, “Film Cooling With Large Density Differences Between the Mainstream and the Secondary Fluid Measured by the Heat–Mass Transfer Analogy
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
, 99
, pp. 620
–627
.22.
Baldauf, S., and Scheurlen, M., 1996, “CFD Based Sensitivity Study of Flow Parameters for Engine Like Film Cooling Conditions,” ASME Paper No. 96-GT-310.
23.
Martiny, M., Schiele, R., Gritsch, M., Schulz, A., and Wittig, S., 1996, “In Situ Calibration for Quantitative Infrared Thermography,” Quirt ’96 Eurotherm Seminar No. 50, Stuttgart, Germany, Sept. 2–5.
24.
Gnielinski, V., 1975, Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 41, No. 1.
25.
Kays, W. M., and Crawford, M. E., 1980, Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York.
26.
Metzger
, D. E.
, and Fletcher
, D. D.
, 1971
, “Evaluation of Heat Transfer forFilm-Cooled Turbine Components
,” J. Aircr.
, 8
, pp. 33
–38
.27.
Jabbari
, M. Y.
, and Goldstein
, R. J.
, 1978
, “Adiabatic Wall Temperature and Heat Transfer Downstream of Injection Through Two Rows of Holes
,” ASME J. Eng. Power
, 100
, pp. 303
–307
.28.
Kruse, H., 1985, “Effects of Hole Geometry, Wall Curvature and Pressure Gradient on Film Cooling Downstream of a Single Row,” Heat Transfer and Cooling in Gas Turbines, AGARD CP-390, Paper 8.
29.
Forth, C. J. P., and Jones, T. V., 1986, “Scaling Parameters in Film Cooling,” Proc. 8th Int. Heat Transfer Conference, Vol. 3, pp. 1271–1276.
30.
Lee, J. S., Ro, S. T., and Seo, H. J., 1994, “Mass Transfer Effects of Free Stream Turbulence and Horseshoe Vortex Formed at the Upstream Edge of Film Cooling Jets About a Cylindrical Surface,” ASME Paper No. 94-GT-18.
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