In recent years it has been shown experimentally by a number of workers that simple, Newtonian liquids can slip against solid surfaces when the latter are both very smooth and lyophobic. It has also been shown theoretically how, based on a half-wetted bearing principle, this phenomenon may be used to significantly reduce friction in lubricated sliding contacts and thus make possible the hydrodynamic lubrication of very low load contacts. This paper describes the experimental validation of this concept. A low load bearing is constructed and the influence of surface roughness and the wetting properties of the surfaces on friction are investigated over a wide range of sliding speeds. It is shown that liquid slip can be used to considerably reduce friction in full film, hydrodynamic conditions.

1.
Léger
,
L.
,
Hervet
,
H.
,
Massey
,
G.
, and
Durliat
,
E.
, 1997, “
Wall Slip in Polymer Melts
,”
J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
0953-8984,
9
,
7719
7740
.
2.
Vinogradova
,
O. I.
, 1999, “
Slippage of Water Over Hydrophobic Surfaces
,”
Int. J. Min. Process.
0301-7516,
56
, pp.
31
60
.
3.
Pit
,
R.
,
Hervet
,
H.
, and
Leger
,
L.
, 1999, “
Friction and Slip of a Simple Liquid at a Solid Surface
,”
Tribol. Lett.
1023-8883,
7
, pp.
147
152
.
4.
Pit
,
R.
,
Hervet
,
H.
, and
Leger
,
L.
, 2000, “
Direct Evidence of Slip in Hexadecane:Solid Interfaces
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007,
85
, pp.
980
983
.
5.
Zhu
,
Y.
, and
Granick
,
S.
, 2001, “
Rate Dependent Slip of Newtonian Liquid at Smooth Surfaces
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007,
87
, p.
096105
.
6.
Spikes
,
H. A.
, and
Granick
,
S.
, 2003, “
Equation for Slip of Simple Liquids at Smooth Solid Surfaces
,”
Langmuir
0743-7463,
19
, pp.
5065
5071
.
7.
Zhu
,
Y.
, and
Granick
,
S.
, 2002, “
Limits of Hydrodynamic No-Slip Boundary Condition
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007,
88
, p.
106102
.
8.
Hild
,
W.
,
Opitz
,
A.
,
Schaefer
,
J. A.
, and
Scherge
,
M.
, 2003, “
The Effect of Wetting on the Microhydrodynamics of Surfaces Lubricated With Water and Oil
,”
Wear
0043-1648,
254
, pp.
871
875
.
9.
Craig
,
V. S. J.
,
Neto
,
C.
, and
Williams
,
D. R. M.
, 2001, “
Shear-Dependent Boundary Slip in an Aqueous Newtonian Liquid
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007,
87
, p.
054504
.
10.
Bonaccurso
,
E.
,
Kappl
,
M.
, and
Butt
,
H. J.
, 2002, “
Hydrodynamic Force Measurements: Boundary Slip of Water on Hydrophilic Surfaces and Electrokinetic Effects
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007,
88
, p.
076103
.
11.
Cheng
,
J.-T.
, and
Giordano
,
N.
, 2002, “
Fluid Flow Through Nanometer-Scale Channels
,”
Phys. Rev. E
1063-651X,
65
, p.
031206
.
12.
Tretheway
,
D. C.
, and
Meinhart
,
C. D.
, 2002, “
Apparent Fluid Slip at Hydrophobic Microchannel Walls
,”
Phys. Fluids
1070-6631,
14
,
L9
.
13.
Wolff
,
M.
,
Mager
,
A.
,
Frick
,
B.
, and
Zabel
,
H.
, 2003, “
Sheared Liquids Explored by Means of Neutron Scattering
,”
J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
0953-8984,
15
, pp.
S337
S342
.
14.
Thompson
,
P. A.
, and
Robbins
,
M. O.
, 1990, “
Shear Flow Near Solids: Epitaxial Order and Flow Boundary Conditions
,”
Phys. Rev. A
1050-2947,
41
, pp.
6830
6837
.
15.
Barrat
,
J.-L.
, and
Bocquet
,
L.
, 1999, “
Large Slip Effect at a Nonwetting Fluid-Solid Interface
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
0031-9007,
82
(
3
), pp.
4671
4674
.
16.
Thompson
,
P. A.
, and
Troian
,
S. M.
, 1997, “
A General Boundary Condition for Liquid Flow at Solid Surfaces
,”
Nature (London)
0028-0836,
89
, pp.
360
362
.
17.
Ono
,
B.
, and
Yamamoto
,
Y.
, 2002, “
Possibility of Slip in Hydrodynamic Oil Films Under Sliding Contact Conditions
,”
Lubr. Sci.
0954-0075,
14
, pp.
303
320
.
18.
Spikes
,
H. A.
, 2003, “
The Half-Wetted Bearing. Part I: Extended Reynolds Equation
,”
Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part J: J. Eng. Tribol.
1350-6501,
217
, pp.
1
14
.
19.
Salant
,
R. F.
, and
Fortier
,
A. E.
, 2005, “
Numerical Analysis of a Journal Bearing With a Heterogeneous Slip/No-Slip Surface
,”
Trans. ASME, J. Tribol.
0742-4787,
127
, pp.
820
825
.
20.
Wu
,
C. W.
, and
Ma
,
G. J.
, 2005, “
Abnormal Behavior of a Hydrodynamic Lubrication Journal Bearing Caused by Wall Slip
,”
Tribol. Int.
0301-679X,
38
, pp.
492
499
.
21.
Spikes
,
H. A.
, 2003, “
The Half-Wetted Bearing. Part 2: Potential Application to Low Load Contacts
,”
Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part J: J. Eng. Tribol.
1350-6501,
217
, pp.
15
26
.
22.
Choo
,
J. H.
,
Spikes
,
H. A.
,
Ratoi
,
M.
,
Glovnea
,
R.
, and
Forrest
,
A. K.
, 2007, “
Friction Reduction in Low-Load, Hydrodynamic Lubrication With a Hydrophobic Surface
,”
Tribol. Int.
0301-679X,
40
, pp.
154
159
.
23.
Kessel
,
C. R.
, and
Granick
,
S.
, 1991, “
Formation and Characterization of a Highly-Ordered and Well-Anchored Alkylsilane Monolayer on Mica by Self-Assembly
,”
Langmuir
0743-7463,
7
, pp.
532
538
.
24.
Peanasky
,
J.
,
Schneider
,
H. M.
, and
Granick
,
S.
, 1995, “
Self-Assembled Monolayers on Mica for Experiments Utilizing the Surfaces Forces Apparatus
,”
Langmuir
0743-7463,
11
, pp.
953
962
.
25.
Williams
,
J. A.
, 1994,
Engineering Tribology
,
Oxford University Press
,
Oxford, UK
, Chap. 8.
26.
de Vicente
,
J.
,
Stokes
,
J. R.
, and
Spikes
,
H. A.
, 2005, “
The Frictional Properties of Newtonian Fluids in a Rolling-Sliding Soft-EHL Contact
,”
Tribol. Lett.
1023-8883,
20
, pp.
273
285
.
27.
Chappuis
,
J.
, 1982, “
Lubrication by a New Principle: The Use of Non-Wetting Liquids
,”
Wear
0043-1648,
77
, pp.
303
313
.
28.
Rolo
,
L. I.
,
Caco
,
A. I.
,
Queimada
,
A. J.
,
Marrucho
,
I. M.
, and
Coutinho
,
J. A. P.
, 2002, “
Surface Tension of Heptane, Decane, Hexadecane, Eicosane, and Some of Their Binary Mixtures
,”
J. Chem. Eng. Data
0021-9568,
47
, pp.
1442
1445
.
29.
Cameron
,
A.
, 1981,
Basic Lubrication Theory
, 3rd ed.,
Ellis Horwood Ltd.
,
Chichester, UK
, Chap. 3.
You do not currently have access to this content.