Fig. 1 Spectra of three types of radiation sources compared to the sunlight [ 12 , 19 – 21 ] More about this image found in Spectra of three types of radiation sources compared to the sunlight [ 12 ,...

Fig. 2 Configuration of 42 kW MH-lamp HFSS built at SUT [ 21 ]: ( a ) schematic diagram of the HFSS and receiving target, and picture of ( b ) HFSS array, ( c ) 6000 W MH lamps, and ( d ) Gardon type flux gauge with receiving target More about this image found in Configuration of 42 kW MH-lamp HFSS built at SUT [ 21 ]: ( a ) schematic di...

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the energy balance within heat flux measurement and Lambertian target More about this image found in Schematic diagram of the energy balance within heat flux measurement and La...

Fig. 4 Spatial peak flux distribution of seven lamps [ 21 ] More about this image found in Spatial peak flux distribution of seven lamps [ 21 ]

Fig. 5 Collision-based Monte-Carlo algorithm used for radiation transfer modeling More about this image found in Collision-based Monte-Carlo algorithm used for radiation transfer modeling

Fig. 6 Distribution of 15 wavelength bands for optical properties More about this image found in Distribution of 15 wavelength bands for optical properties

Fig. 7 Polar distribution of simulated lamp emittance compared to the data from OSRAM [ 66 ] More about this image found in Polar distribution of simulated lamp emittance compared to the data from OS...

Fig. 8 Data comparison of simulated and measured radiation flux without calibration [ 21 ] ( d arc = 4 mm, e = 0.918, θ m = 0 mrad, γ = 31.2 deg, β = 0 mrad, Δ Z lamp = Δ Z target = 0 mm) More about this image found in Data comparison of simulated and measured radiation flux without calibratio...

Fig. 9 Variation of ( a ) flux distribution and ( b ) flux uniformity with arc size ( e = 0.918, θ m = 0 mrad) More about this image found in Variation of ( a ) flux distribution and ( b ) flux uniformity with arc siz...

Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of ray reflection with specular error More about this image found in Schematic diagram of ray reflection with specular error

Fig. 11 Variation of ( a ) flux intensity and ( b ) uniformity with reflector specular error ( d arc = 4 mm, e = 0.918) More about this image found in Variation of ( a ) flux intensity and ( b ) uniformity with reflector specu...

Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of ray reflection with varying reflector shape More about this image found in Schematic diagram of ray reflection with varying reflector shape

Fig. 13 Variation of ( a ) flux distribution and ( b ) flux uniformity with reflector shape ( d arc = 4 mm, θ m = 0 mrad) More about this image found in Variation of ( a ) flux distribution and ( b ) flux uniformity with reflect...

Fig. 14 RMSE of the radiation flux intensity as a function of three factors: ( a ) d arc and e ( θ m = 1.41 mrad), ( b ) θ m and e ( d arc = 4 mm), and ( c ) θ m and d arc ( e = 0.915) More about this image found in RMSE of the radiation flux intensity as a function of three factors: ( a ) ...

Fig. 15 Validation of calibrated model with optimal parameters ( d arc = 4.9 mm, e = 0.915, θ m = 1.48 mrad, γ = 31.2 deg, β = 0 mrad, Δ Z lamp = Δ Z target = 0 mm) More about this image found in Validation of calibrated model with optimal parameters ( d arc = 4.9 mm, ...

Fig. 16 Variation of flux distribution with ( a ) Δ Z lamp and ( b ) Δ Z target ( d arc = 4.9 mm, e = 0.915, θ m = 1.48 mrad, γ = 31.2 deg, β = 0 mrad) More about this image found in Variation of flux distribution with ( a ) Δ Z lamp and ( b ) Δ Z target ...

Fig. 17 Variation of flux uniformity with ( a ) Δ Z lamp and ( b ) Δ Z target ( d arc = 4.9 mm, e = 0.915, θ m = 1.48 mrad, γ = 31.2 deg, β = 0 mrad) More about this image found in Variation of flux uniformity with ( a ) Δ Z lamp and ( b ) Δ Z target (...

Fig. 18 Variation of flux vector with ( a ) Δ Z lamp and ( b ) Δ Z target ( d arc = 4.9 mm, e = 0.915, θ m = 1.48 mrad, γ = 31.2 deg, β = 0 mrad) More about this image found in Variation of flux vector with ( a ) Δ Z lamp and ( b ) Δ Z target ( d ...