Bladelets—Winglets on Blades of Wind Turbines: A Multiobjective Design Optimization Study

The work presented in this paper used rigorous 3D flow-field analysis combined with multi-objective constrained shape design optimization for the design of complete blade + bladelet configurations for a three-blade horizontal-axis wind turbine. The fluid flow analysis in this work was performed using Openfoam software. The 3D, steady, incompressible, turbulent flow Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations were solved in the rotating frame of reference for each combination of wind turbine blade and bladelet geometry. The free stream uniform wind speed in all cases was assumed to be 9 m s⁻¹. The three simultaneous design optimization objectives were as follows: (a) maximize the coefficient of power, (b) minimize the coefficient of thrust force, and (c) minimize twisting moment around the blade axis. The bladelet geometry was fully defined by using a small number of parameters. The optimization was carried out by creating a multidimensional response surface for each of the simultaneous objectives. The response surfaces were based on radial basis functions, where the support points were designs analyzed using the high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the full blade + bladelet geometry. The response surfaces were then coupled to an optimization algorithm in modefrontier software. The predicted values of the objective functions for the optimum designs were then again validated using Openfoam high-fidelity analysis code. Results for a Pareto-optimized bladelet on a given blade indicate that more than 4% increase in the coefficient of power at minimal thrust force penalty is possible at off-design conditions compared to the same wind turbine rotor blade without a bladelet.