This article elaborates the advancement in internal combustion engine technology and explains why internal combustion engines will continue to be integral to the transportation of people and goods for the foreseeable future. The internal combustion engine has seen a remarkable evolution over the past century. Before 1970, the evolution of engine design was driven by quest for performance and increase in octane in the fuel supply. Since then, however, the imperative was the need to meet new emissions and fuel economy regulations. Some game-changing advances in automotive sector in recent years are improvements in engine technologies, sensors, and onboard computing power. This combination of technologies will enable unprecedented control of the combustion process, which in turn will enable real-world implementations of low-temperature combustion and other advanced strategies as well as improved robustness and fuel flexibility. In future, new engine concepts will also blend the best characteristics of both engine types to push the boundaries of efficiency while meeting stringent emissions regulations worldwide.

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