Brain electrical stimulation has been used to map eloquent brain areas in epilepsy surgery or to treat neurological and psychiatric conditions. More recently, cortical electrical stimulation has been explored as a means to restore sensation in those with spinal cord injury or stroke by activating areas of the sensory cortex [1]. This “artificial sensation” may be of particular interest in the field of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). It can be envisioned that direct sensory feedback associated with the BCI motor outputs will enhance a user's overall ability to operate the BCI system. To date, most BCI research on artificial sensation has been in animals. Future studies will need to translate artificial sensation into humans, particularly since it is difficult to understand what animals perceive. However, existing cortical stimulators are not ideal for such studies as they are typically manually operated, bulky, and wall-socket powered. They also involve regulatory hurdles...
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September 2016
Technical Briefs
A Low-Cost, Fully Programmable, Battery Powered Direct Cortical Electrical Stimulator1
Po T. Wang,
Po T. Wang
Biomedical Engineering,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
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Alireza Karimi-Bidhendi,
Alireza Karimi-Bidhendi
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
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Charles Y. Liu,
Charles Y. Liu
Neurorestoration Center,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, CA 90033
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, CA 90033
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Zoran Nenadic,
Zoran Nenadic
Biomedical Engineering,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697;
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697;
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
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Payam Heydari,
Payam Heydari
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
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An H. Do
An H. Do
Neurology,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
Search for other works by this author on:
Po T. Wang
Biomedical Engineering,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
Alireza Karimi-Bidhendi
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
Charles Y. Liu
Neurorestoration Center,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, CA 90033
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, CA 90033
Zoran Nenadic
Biomedical Engineering,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697;
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697;
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
Payam Heydari
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
An H. Do
Neurology,
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
University of California–Irvine (UCI),
Irvine, CA 92697
DOI: 10.1115/1.4033732
Manuscript received March 1, 2016; final manuscript received March 21, 2016; published online August 1, 2016. Editor: William Durfee.
J. Med. Devices. Sep 2016, 10(3): 030901 (3 pages)
Published Online: August 1, 2016
Article history
Received:
March 1, 2016
Revised:
March 21, 2016
Citation
Wang, P. T., Karimi-Bidhendi, A., Liu, C. Y., Nenadic, Z., Heydari, P., and Do, A. H. (August 1, 2016). "A Low-Cost, Fully Programmable, Battery Powered Direct Cortical Electrical Stimulator." ASME. J. Med. Devices. September 2016; 10(3): 030901. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4033732
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