... failure regions. A practical implementation of the theory requires only two contiguous service-times. Probabilities may be evaluated by any convenient method, such as Monte Carlo and the first-order reliability method. Error analysis provides ways to control errors with regards to probability calculations...

... are the reliability index approach (RIA) and its inverse, the performance measure approach (PMA) ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 ). These methods use the first-order reliability method (FORM) and the second-order reliability method (SORM) to calculate the reliability of a design ( 7 8 9 10 ). Many methods have been developed...

..., Rhode Island , Apr. 25–28. 02 06 2006 02 03 2007 16 01 2008 design engineering iterative methods mechanical products optimisation reliability reliability-based design optimization first-order reliability method single-loop RBDO system reliability...