The combined forced and free flow in a vertical annular duct is studied under the hypothesis of steady-state parallel laminar flow. The Boussinesq approximation is invoked and the viscous dissipation is considered as negligible. The thermal boundary conditions are such that axial symmetry does not occur and temperature does not change in the axial direction. The dimensionless local balance equations are solved analytically by means of the Fourier series expansion method. The analytical expressions of the dimensionless temperature field, of the dimensionless velocity field, and of the Fanning friction factor are obtained.
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by ASME
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