Experiments have been performed using water and FC-77 to investigate heat transfer from an in-line 1 x 10 array of discrete heat sources, flush mounted to protruding substrates located on the bottom wall of a horizontal flow channel. The data encompass flow regimes ranging from mixed convection to laminar and turbulent forced convection. Buoyancy-induced secondary flows enhanced heat transfer at downstream heater locations and provided heat transfer coefficients comparable to upstream values. Upstream heating extended enhancement on the downstream heaters to larger Reynolds numbers. Higher Prandtl number fluids also extended heat transfer enhancement to larger Reynolds numbers, while a reduction in channel height suppressed buoyancy driven flows, thereby reducing enhancement. The protrusions enhanced the transition to turbulent forced convection, causing the critical Reynolds number to decrease with increasing row number. The transition region was characterized by large heater-to-heater variations in the average Nusselt number.
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March 1992
Research Papers
Liquid Immersion Cooling of a Longitudinal Array of Discrete Heat Sources in Protruding Substrates: I—Single-Phase Convection
T. J. Heindel,
T. J. Heindel
Heat Transfer Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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F. P. Incropera,
F. P. Incropera
Heat Transfer Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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S. Ramadhyani
S. Ramadhyani
Heat Transfer Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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T. J. Heindel
Heat Transfer Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
F. P. Incropera
Heat Transfer Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
S. Ramadhyani
Heat Transfer Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
J. Electron. Packag. Mar 1992, 114(1): 55-62 (8 pages)
Published Online: March 1, 1992
Article history
Received:
January 30, 1991
Revised:
December 9, 1991
Online:
April 28, 2008
Citation
Heindel, T. J., Incropera, F. P., and Ramadhyani, S. (March 1, 1992). "Liquid Immersion Cooling of a Longitudinal Array of Discrete Heat Sources in Protruding Substrates: I—Single-Phase Convection." ASME. J. Electron. Packag. March 1992; 114(1): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2905442
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