... in the ability to predict treatment outcomes. Here we attempt to address several key issues related to predictive modeling by demonstrating methods for accurately characterizing heat transfer from cryoprobes, report temperature dependent thermal properties for ultrasound gel (a convenient tissue phantom) down...

...Bumsoo Han; John C. Bischof Understanding the phase change behavior of biomaterials during freezing/thawing including their thermal properties at low temperatures is essential to design and improve cryobiology applications such as cryopreservation and cryosurgery. However, knowledge of phase change...

... distribution Thermal Properties Heat-Induced Damage Heat Transfer Soft Tissue Well-known examples of heat-induced damage include denaturation of proteins 1 2 3 , increased cell necrosis 4 and membrane permeability 5 , and irreversible changes in the mechanical properties of soft tissue...